Enzymes are good medicine.
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Enzymes are good medicine.
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| Enzymes are good medicine |
They are marvellous organic catalysts which are essential to life as
they control all the chemical reactions that take place in
a living system. Enzymes
are part of all living
cells, including those of plants and animls.
The term enzyme, which literally means in yeast', was coined following the demonstration of catalytic properties
of yeast and yeast juices. Although enzymes are produced in the living
cell, they are not dependent upon the vital processes of the cell and work outside
the cell. Certain enzymes of yeast, for instance, when expressed from the yeast cells are capable
of exerting their usual effect, that is, the conversion of sugar to alcohol.
It has been estimated that there are over 20,000 enzymes in the human body. This estimate is based
on the number of bodily
processes that seem to require
action. However,
so far only about 1,000 enzymes have been identified. But their great role in nutrition and other
living processes has been firmly established. They are protein
molecules made up of chains of amino acids. They play a vital role and work
more efficiently than any reagent concocted by chemists.
Thus for instance,
a chemist can separate proteins
into their component amino acids by boiling them at 166 o C for over 18 hours in a strong
solution of hydrochloric acid, but the enzymes
of the small intestines
can do so in less
than three hours at body temperature in a neutral medium.
A feature
which distinguishes enzymes from inorganic catalysts is that they are absolutely specific in their actions. This means that a
particular enzyme can cause reactions involving
only a particular type of
substance or a group
of closely related substances. The substance on which
the enzyme acts is known
as "substrate." The specificity
of an enzyme is, however,
related to the formation of the
enzyme-substrate complex which requires that the appropriate groupings of both substrate and enzyme should be in correct
relative position. The substrate
must fit the enzyme like a key fits its lock.
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